Sketch of scenarios for the school of 2030
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
We cannot pretend to evoke the future without first delving into the roots of the subject tackled. The history of the school is long, very long even. I leave it to the specialists to say if there were civilizations without a school and how developments took place over the centuries, even millennia. This would be far-reaching, out of all proportion to the forward-looking elements that we have in view in this text. We will therefore stick to a recent past, subsequent to the Enlightenment and more particularly relating to these last decades.
In just over two centuries, in developed countries, school has become a public good, an institution, protected, built around values (in France, secular school, free and compulsory), carrying a certain idea of democracy (we speak, in France, of "republican school") and responsible for transmitting it to young people (for example in terms of "education for citizenship"). The transmission of values, humanist in particular, is one of the important missions of the school, or at least was recently, even if, as we will see, current developments cruelly raise this question.
If the school did not exist and that one envisaged to create it, nobody can imagine that the choice would stop on the model in place today. According to the expression used by sociologists, it is trapped in the "school form" inspired by religious institutions, certainly somewhat different according to times, countries and cultures. It has been frozen since the 19th century. The school is exercised in a unit of place, the class. It combines a group of pupils, a program and the action of a teacher who must teach this program to these pupils (we even say “his” pupils). The variations that can be noted, here or there, are always on the fringes and preserve, until now and except in exceptional cases, these three pillars. Antoine Prost (1997) points out: "we do not see a new type of school being announced with precision: that of the XIXth century is dead, but that of the XXIth century is still looking for itself".
So where is the school at the start of the 21st century? Can we discern the changes for which it must prepare? Under the pressure of what forces? From what perspective? To fix ideas, what are the main hypotheses of evolution in a future that is both near and a little distant, 2030?
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
References
Bouvier A. (2007) : La gouvernance des systèmes éducatifs, Collection Politique aujourd’hui, Paris, PUF
Bouvier A. (2009) : Management et sciences cognitives, « Que sais-je ? » n° 3711, 4e édition, Paris, PUF. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/puf.bouvi.2009.01
Bray M. (2009) : Confronting the Shadow Education System : what government policies for what private tutoring ? UNESCO et IIEP.
Chevallier G. (2011) : L’école de la qualité. Une chance pour le management public, Poitiers, Sceren-Esen.
Giddens A (1998) : The third way, Cambridge, Polity Press.
Hargreaves A. and Sherley D. (2009) : The fourth way. The inspiring future for Educational change, Boston, Corwin. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452219523
Michel A. (2001) : Six scénarios sur l’École, Futuribles n° 266, juillet-août 2001, p. 67-74.
OCDE (2001) : L’École de demain, tendances et scénarios, Paris, OCDE.
Prost A. (1997) : Éducation, société et politiques. Une histoire de l’enseignement de 1945 à nos jours, Paris, Éditions du Seuil
Tardiff M. et Lessard C. (2000) : L’école change, la classe reste, Sciences humaines, n° 111, décembre 2000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/sh.111.0021
Un seul monde, une seule école ?, Revue internationale d’éducation, Sèvres, n° 52, décembre 2009.
Palmarès et classements en éducation, Revue internationale d’éducation, Sèvres, n° 54, septembre 2010.
ONG et éducation, Revue internationale d’éducation, Sèvres, n° 58, décembre 2011 (à paraître).