Smartphone Addiction: Brake or Engine? A Modeling by Structural Equations (PLS-SEM) of its Impact on the Cognitive and Behavioral Engagement of Adolescents
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aimed to examine how smartphone app addiction affects the cognitive and behavioral engagement of teens. Using the PLS-SEM methodology, a sample of 236 high school adolescents was analyzed to test the hypothetical relationship between smartphone use and two aspects of school engagement.
The results showed that excessive smartphone use had a negative and significant impact on cognitive engagement (β = -0.14, t = -4.71, p < 0.001), thus confirming the hypothesis that this addiction impairs the cognitive abilities of adolescents. . However, the analysis shows that smartphone use does not negatively impact the level of behavioral engagement (β = 0.25, t = 4.39, p < 0.001), respectively rejecting the hypothesis. Fit indices, such as SRMR (0.043) and RMSEA (0.056), indicate that the model used is sufficiently reliable to assess the relationships studied. In summary, this study highlights the differential impact of smartphones on school engagement, highlighting important implications for teachers, parents, and education policymakers.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
References
An, Won Chul, Yeong Geul Lee, Han Sol Cha, et Ju Ill Kim. 2019. « The Effect of Smartphone Addiction on Learning Disorder among Adolescents: Focused on the Mediation Effect of ADHD ». Korea Academy of Care Management 31 (juin):105‑26. https://doi.org/10.22589/kaocm.2019.31.105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22589/kaocm.2019.31.105
« Answering the missed call: Initial exploration of cognitive and electrophysiological changes associated with smartphone use and abuse | PLOS ONE ». s. d. Consulté le 24 décembre 2024. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0180094.
Beranuy, Marta, Ursula Oberst, Xavier Carbonell, et Ander Chamarro. 2009. « Problematic Internet and mobile phone use and clinical symptoms in college students: The role of emotional intelligence ». Computers in Human Behavior, Including the Special Issue: Design Patterns for Augmenting E-Learning Experiences, 25 (5): 1182‑87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2009.03.001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2009.03.001
Blumenfeld, Phyllis, John Modell, W. Todd Bartko, Walter G. Secada, Jennifer A. Fredricks, Jeanne Friedel, et Allison Paris. 2005. « School Engagement of Inner-City Students During Middle Childhood ». In Developmental Pathways Through Middle Childhood. Psychology Press.
« Calculatrice de taille d’échantillon ». s. d. SurveyMonkey. Consulté le 9 décembre 2024. https://fr.surveymonkey.com/mp/sample-size-calculator/.
Churchill, Gilbert A. 1979. « A Paradigm for Developing Better Measures of Marketing Constructs ». Journal of Marketing Research 16 (1): 64‑73. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224377901600110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002224377901600110
Craik, Fergus I. M., et Robert S. Lockhart. 1972. « Levels of processing: A framework for memory research ». Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 11 (6): 671‑84. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(72)80001-X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(72)80001-X
Demirci, Assist Prof Kadir, Assoc Prof Hikmet Orhan, Assist Prof Arif Demirdas, Assist Prof Abdullah Akpinar, et Havva Sert. 2014. « Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale in a Younger Population ». Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni-Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology, septembre. https://doi.org/10.5455/bcp.20140710040824. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/bcp.20140710040824
Fornell, Claes, et David F. Larcker. 1981. « Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error ». Journal of Marketing Research 18 (1): 39‑50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
Fredricks, Jennifer A, Phyllis C Blumenfeld, et Alison H Paris. 2004. « School Engagement: Potential of the Concept, State of the Evidence ». Review of Educational Research 74 (1): 59‑109. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543074001059. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543074001059
Graham, Sandra, et Shari Golan. 1991. « Motivational influences on cognition: Task involvement, ego involvement, and depth of information processing ». Journal of Educational Psychology 83 (2): 187‑94. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.83.2.187. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-0663.83.2.187
Gutiérrez, Melchor, Jose Tomás, Silvia Chireac, Patricia Sancho, et Isabel Romero. 2016. « Measuring School Engagement: Validation and Measurement Equivalence of the Student Engagement Scale on Angolan Male and Female Adolescents ». British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science 15 (3): 1‑11. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJESBS/2016/25276. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/BJESBS/2016/25276
Hair, Joe F., Christian M. Ringle, et Marko Sarstedt. 2011. « PLS-SEM: Indeed a Silver Bullet ». Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, avril. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202
Hair, Joseph, Rolph Anderson, Barry Babin, et William Black. 2013. « Multivariate Data Analysis ». Pearson Deutschland. 2013. https://elibrary.pearson.de/book/99.150005/9781292035116.
Hu, Li-tze, et Peter M. Bentler. 1999. « Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria versus New Alternatives ». Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, janvier. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Jeong, Se-Hoon, HyoungJee Kim, Jung-Yoon Yum, et Yoori Hwang. 2016. « What type of content are smartphone users addicted to?: SNS vs. games ». Computers in Human Behavior 54 (janvier):10‑17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.035. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.035
Kassab, Salah Eldin, Mohamed Al-Eraky, Walid El-Sayed, Hossam Hamdy, et Henk Schmidt. 2023. « Measurement of Student Engagement in Health Professions Education: A Review of Literature ». BMC Medical Education 23 (1): 354. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04344-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04344-8
Kintsch, Walter, et Teun A van Dijk. s. d. « Toward a Model of Text Comprehension and Production ».
Kline, Rex B. 2023. Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. Guilford Publications.
Kwon, Min, Dai-Jin Kim, Hyun Cho, et Soo Yang. 2013. « The Smartphone Addiction Scale: Development and Validation of a Short Version for Adolescents ». PLOS ONE 8 (12): e83558. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083558. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083558
Kwon, Min, Joon-Yeop Lee, Wang-Youn Won, Jae-Woo Park, Jung-Ah Min, Changtae Hahn, Xinyu Gu, Ji-Hye Choi, et Dai-Jin Kim. 2013. « Development and Validation of a Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) ». PLOS ONE 8 (2): e56936. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056936. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056936
Leung, Hildie, Amir H. Pakpour, Carol Strong, Yi-Ching Lin, Meng-Che Tsai, Mark D. Griffiths, Chung-Ying Lin, et I-Hua Chen. 2020. « Measurement Invariance across Young Adults from Hong Kong and Taiwan among Three Internet-Related Addiction Scales: Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS), and Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS-SF9) (Study Part A) ». Addictive Behaviors 101 (février):105969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.04.027. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.04.027
Lin, Yu-Hsuan, Li-Ren Chang, Yang-Han Lee, Hsien-Wei Tseng, Terry B. J. Kuo, et Sue-Huei Chen. 2014. « Development and Validation of the Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI) ». PLOS ONE 9 (6): e98312. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098312
« Malhotra et Dash (2011) "Marketing Research: An Applied... - Google Scholar ». s. d. Consulté le 28 décembre 2024. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=fr&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Malhotra+et+Dash+%282011%29+%22Marketing+Research%3A+An+Applied+Orientation%22+&btnG=.
Matsunaga, Masaki. 2010. « How to Factor-Analyze Your Data Right: Do’s, Don’ts, and How-to’s. » International Journal of Psychological Research 3 (1): 97‑110. https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.854. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.854
« Mobile telephone use is associated with changes in cognitive function in young adolescents - Abramson - 2009 - Bioelectromagnetics - Wiley Online Library ». s. d. Consulté le 24 décembre 2024. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bem.20534.
Patesson, René. s. d. « Enquête sur l’addiction des jeunes aux smartphones ».
Pras, Bernard, Yves Evrard, et Elyette Roux. 2003. « Market : Études et Recherches En Marketing - Fondements, Méthodes ». Post-Print, Post-Print, . https://ideas.repec.org//p/hal/journl/halshs-00150660.html.
« Réseaux sociaux au Maroc : les chiffres clés 2024 ». 2024. 5 mars 2024. https://dicom.ma.
Rozaire, Charles, Morgane Guillou Landreat, Marie Grall-Bronnec, B. Rocher, et Jean-Luc Vénisse. 2009. « Qu’est-ce que l’addiction ? » Archives de politique criminelle 31 (1): 9‑23. https://doi.org/10.3917/apc.031.0009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/apc.031.0009
Sarstedt, Marko, Christian M. Ringle, et Joseph F. Hair. 2022. « Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling ». In Handbook of Market Research, édité par Christian Homburg, Martin Klarmann, et Arnd Vomberg, 587‑632. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57413-4_15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57413-4_15
Shaw, Martha, et Donald W. Black. 2008. « Internet Addiction ». CNS Drugs 22 (5): 353‑65. https://doi.org/10.2165/00023210-200822050-00001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00023210-200822050-00001
Steiger, James H. 2007. « Understanding the limitations of global fit assessment in structural equation modeling ». Personality and Individual Differences 42 (5): 893‑98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.09.017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.09.017
« Student Engagement in Health Professional Education Using Artificial Intelligence ». 2024. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association, avril. https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.10875. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.10875
« The invisible addiction: Cell-phone activities and addiction among male and female college students in: Journal of Behavioral Addictions Volume 3 Issue 4 (2014) ». s. d. Consulté le 24 décembre 2024. https://akjournals.com/view/journals/2006/3/4/article-p254.xml. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1556/JBA.3.2014.015
Thomas, S., G. Benke, C. Dimitriadis, I. Inyang, M. R. Sim, R. Wolfe, R. J. Croft, et M. J. Abramson. 2010. « Use of Mobile Phones and Changes in Cognitive Function in Adolescents ». Occupational and Environmental Medicine 67 (12): 861‑66. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2009.054080. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2009.054080
Touitou, Yvan. 2024. « Surconsommation des écrans par l’enfant et l’adolescent : usage problématique ou addiction ? » Bulletin de l’Académie Nationale de Médecine 208 (7): 901‑10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.banm.2024.02.018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.banm.2024.02.018