Psychologie et science ouverte en Afrique : pourquoi est-elle nécessaire et comment peut-on l’implanter ?
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Résumé
La qualité de la recherche scientifique s’évalue non seulement par son impact positif sur le développement socio-économique et le bien-être humain, mais également par sa contribution à l’élaboration des connaissances scientifiques valides et fiables. De ce fait, les chercheurs, quelle que soit leur discipline scientifique, sont censés adopter des pratiques de recherche basées sur la transparence et la rigueur. Or l’histoire des sciences et la littérature scientifique nous apprennent qu’une part importante des résultats scientifiques n’est pas reproductible de façon systématique (Ioannidis, 2005)1. Cela renvoie à ce qui est communément connu sous le nom de la « crise de réplication » qui concerne aussi bien les sciences de la nature que les sciences humaines et sociales, dont la psychologie ne fait pas exception.
Dans cet article, nous présentons d’abord certains aspects de la crise de réplication et les pratiques de recherche douteuses. Puis, nous abordons la manière dont nous pouvons impliquer plus de laboratoires en Afrique dans la recherche scientifique mondiale, notamment le Psychological Science Accelerator (PSA). Dans ce sens, nous développerons un tutoriel pour les laboratoires en Afrique, en mettant en avant les pratiques de la science ouverte. Enfin, nous discutons de comment rendre la science psychologique plus participative et inclusive.
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